NOX4
Developmental stage
Expressed in fetal kidney and fetal liver.
Function
NADPH oxidase that catalyzes predominantly the reduction of oxygen to H2O2 (PubMed:14966267, PubMed:15356101, PubMed:15927447, PubMed:21343298, PubMed:25062272). Can also catalyze to a smaller extent, the reduction of oxygen to superoxide (PubMed:10869423, PubMed:11032835, PubMed:15155719, PubMed:15572675, PubMed:15927447, PubMed:16019190, PubMed:16179589, PubMed:16230378, PubMed:16324151, PubMed:25062272). May function as an oxygen sensor regulating the KCNK3/TASK-1 potassium channel and HIF1A activity (PubMed:16019190). May regulate insulin signaling cascade (PubMed:14966267). May play a role in apoptosis, bone resorption and lipolysaccharide-mediated activation of NFKB (PubMed:15356101, PubMed:15572675). May produce superoxide in the nucleus and play a role in regulating gene expression upon cell stimulation (PubMed:16324151).
Isoform 4
NADPH oxidase that catalyzes the generation of superoxide from molecular oxygen utilizing NADPH as an electron donor (PubMed:15721269, PubMed:23393389). Involved in redox signaling in vascular cells (PubMed:23393389). Modulates the nuclear activation of ERK1/2 and the ELK1 transcription factor, and is capable of inducing nuclear DNA damage (PubMed:23393389).
Isoform 3
Lacks superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase activity.
Post-translational modifications
Isoform 4
N-glycosylated and glycosylation is required for its proper function.
Isoform 3
N-glycosylated.
Tissue Specificity
Expressed by distal tubular cells in kidney cortex and in endothelial cells (at protein level). Widely expressed. Strongly expressed in kidney and to a lower extent in heart, adipocytes, hepatoma, endothelial cells, skeletal muscle, brain, several brain tumor cell lines and airway epithelial cells.
Cellular localization
- Endoplasmic reticulum membrane
- Multi-pass membrane protein
- Cell membrane
- Multi-pass membrane protein
- Cell junction
- Focal adhesion
- Nucleus
- Isoform 4
- Nucleus
- Nucleus
- Nucleolus
- Cytoplasm
- Cytoplasm
- Perinuclear region
- Isoform 3
- Cytoplasm
- Cytoplasm
- Perinuclear region
- Isoform 5
- Cytoplasm
- Cytoplasm
- Perinuclear region
- Isoform 6
- Cytoplasm
- Cytoplasm
- Perinuclear region
Alternative names
RENOX, NOX4, NADPH oxidase 4, Kidney oxidase-1, Kidney superoxide-producing NADPH oxidase, Renal NAD(P)H-oxidase, KOX-1