HTA1 phospho S129
Domain
The [ST]-Q motif constitutes a recognition sequence for kinases from the PI3/PI4-kinase family.
Function
Core component of nucleosome which plays a central role in DNA double strand break (DSB) repair. Nucleosomes wrap and compact DNA into chromatin, limiting DNA accessibility to the cellular machineries which require DNA as a template. Histones thereby play a central role in transcription regulation, DNA repair, DNA replication and chromosomal stability. DNA accessibility is regulated via a complex set of post-translational modifications of histones, also called histone code, and nucleosome remodeling.
Post-translational modifications
Phosphorylated to form H2AS128ph (gamma-H2A) in response to DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) generated by exogenous genotoxic agents and by stalled replication forks. Phosphorylation is dependent on the DNA damage checkpoint kinases MEC1/ATR and TEL1/ATM, spreads on either side of a detected DSB site and may mark the surrounding chromatin for recruitment of proteins required for DNA damage signaling and repair. Gamma-H2A interacts with ARP4, a shared component of the NuA4 histone acetyltransferase complex and the INO80 and SWR1 chromatin remodeling complexes, and serves to recruit first NuA4, mediating histone H4 acetylation, and subsequently the INO80/SWR1 complexes, facilitating DNA resection, to DSB sites. Gamma-H2A is required for sequestering cohesin around the break site, which is important for efficient post-replicative double-strand break repair by homologous recombination, holding the damaged chromatid close to its undamaged sister template. Gamma-H2A is removed from the DNA prior to the strand invasion-primer extension step of the repair process and subsequently dephosphorylated by PPH3, a component of the histone H2A phosphatase complex (HTP-C). Dephosphorylation is necessary for efficient recovery from the DNA damage checkpoint.
N-acetylated by NAT4.
Acetylated by ESA1, a component of the NuA4 histone acetyltransferase (HAT) complex, to form H2AK4ac and H2AK7ac.
Glutamine methylation at Gln-106 (H2AQ105me) by NOP1 is specifically dedicated to polymerase I. It is present at 35S ribosomal DNA locus and impairs binding of the FACT complex (PubMed:24352239).
Sumoylated to from H2AK126su. May lead to transcriptional repression.
Sequence Similarities
Belongs to the histone H2A family.
Cellular localization
- Nucleus
- Chromosome
Alternative names
H2A1, SPT11, YDR225W, YD9934.10, HTA1, Histone H2A.1