FOS
GeneName
FOS
Summary
FOS, also known as c-Fos, is a 41 kDa immediate early gene product that functions primarily as a transcription factor. It is expressed in various tissues, including the brain and immune cells, and plays a crucial role in regulating gene expression in response to a variety of stimuli. FOS is involved in several biological processes such as cellular responses to growth factors, stress, and inflammatory signals. It is localised in several cellular compartments including the nucleus, cytosol, and endoplasmic reticulum, and is known to form complexes with other proteins, notably within the transcription factor AP-1 complex. FOS binds to specific DNA sequences to regulate transcription, influencing processes like cell differentiation and proliferation.
Importance
FOS is relevant to: - Cellular responses to environmental stimuli, including growth factors and stress, which are essential for understanding signal transduction pathways. - Developmental processes such as cerebral cortex and neural retina development, providing insights into neurogenesis. - Inflammatory responses and immune cell differentiation, contributing to research on autoimmune diseases and inflammation. - Cancer biology, as its expression is often dysregulated in various cancers, making it a potential target for therapeutic intervention.
Top Products
For researchers investigating FOS, we recommend two excellent primary antibodies. The first is the well-cited polyclonal antibody, Anti-c-Fos antibody - BSA free (ab190289), which has garnered 355 citations, highlighting its reliability in the field. This antibody is suitable for immunohistochemistry (IHC), western blotting (WB), and immunocytochemistry (ICC), making it a versatile choice for various applications.In addition, we offer the recombinant antibody, Anti-c-Fos antibody [EPR21930-238] (ab222699). This monoclonal antibody has been validated for a broader range of applications, including IHC, WB, ICC, flow cytometry (FC), and immunoprecipitation (IP). With 79 citations, it is also gaining traction among researchers. The recombinant nature of this antibody ensures batch-to-batch consistency, making it an excellent option for those requiring dependable performance in their experiments. The Recombinant Human c-Fos protein ELISA Kit (ab56280), supported by 2 citations, is an excellent option for researchers looking to accurately measure c-Fos levels in their samples.
Abcam Product Citation Summary
The data indicates that FOS is being studied in various contexts related to neuronal activity and gene expression in mouse models. The use of different applications such as Western Blotting and Immunocytochemistry- Immunofluorescence highlights the versatility of the antibodies in detecting FOS in response to various stimuli, including RANKL signaling and running effects on neurotransmitter switching.
Abcam Product Citation Table
Developmental stage
Expressed at very low levels in quiescent cells. When cells are stimulated to reenter growth, they undergo 2 waves of expression, the first one peaks 7.5 minutes following FBS induction. At this stage, the protein is localized endoplasmic reticulum. The second wave of expression occurs at about 20 minutes after induction and peaks at 1 hour. At this stage, the protein becomes nuclear.
Function
Nuclear phosphoprotein which forms a tight but non-covalently linked complex with the JUN/AP-1 transcription factor. In the heterodimer, FOS and JUN/AP-1 basic regions each seems to interact with symmetrical DNA half sites. On TGF-beta activation, forms a multimeric SMAD3/SMAD4/JUN/FOS complex at the AP1/SMAD-binding site to regulate TGF-beta-mediated signaling. Has a critical function in regulating the development of cells destined to form and maintain the skeleton. It is thought to have an important role in signal transduction, cell proliferation and differentiation. In growing cells, activates phospholipid synthesis, possibly by activating CDS1 and PI4K2A. This activity requires Tyr-dephosphorylation and association with the endoplasmic reticulum.
Post-translational modifications
Phosphorylated in the C-terminal upon stimulation by nerve growth factor (NGF) and epidermal growth factor (EGF). Phosphorylated, in vitro, by MAPK and RSK1. Phosphorylation on both Ser-362 and Ser-374 by MAPK1/2 and RSK1/2 leads to protein stabilization with phosphorylation on Ser-374 being the major site for protein stabilization on NGF stimulation. Phosphorylation on Ser-362 and Ser-374 primes further phosphorylations on Thr-325 and Thr-331 through promoting docking of MAPK to the DEF domain. Phosphorylation on Thr-232, induced by HA-RAS, activates the transcriptional activity and antagonizes sumoylation. Phosphorylation on Ser-362 by RSK2 in osteoblasts contributes to osteoblast transformation (By similarity).
Constitutively sumoylated with SUMO1, SUMO2 and SUMO3. Desumoylated by SENP2. Sumoylation requires heterodimerization with JUN and is enhanced by mitogen stimulation. Sumoylation inhibits the AP-1 transcriptional activity and is, itself, inhibited by Ras-activated phosphorylation on Thr-232.
In quiescent cells, the small amount of FOS present is phosphorylated at Tyr-10 and Tyr-30 by SRC. This Tyr-phosphorylated form is cytosolic. In growing cells, dephosphorylated by PTPN2. Dephosphorylation leads to the association with endoplasmic reticulum membranes and activation of phospholipid synthesis.
Sequence Similarities
Belongs to the bZIP family. Fos subfamily.
Cellular localization
- Nucleus
- Endoplasmic reticulum
- Cytoplasm
- Cytosol
- In quiescent cells, present in very small amounts in the cytosol. Following induction of cell growth, first localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum and only later to the nucleus. Localization at the endoplasmic reticulum requires dephosphorylation at Tyr-10 and Tyr-30.
Alternative names
G0S7, FOS, Protein c-Fos, Cellular oncogene fos, G0/G1 switch regulatory protein 7, Proto-oncogene c-Fos, Transcription factor AP-1 subunit c-Fos
Database links
swissprot:P01100 omim:164810 entrezGene:2353
Other research areas
- Oncology