Alexa Fluor® 488荧光Anti-Tau Alzheimer's Disease抗体[GT-38] - Conformation-Specific (ab317594)

Function: Tau promotes microtubule assembly and stability, and might be involved in the establishment and maintenance of neuronal polarity. The C-terminus binds axonal microtubules while the N-terminus binds neural plasma membrane components, suggesting that tau functions as a linker protein between both. Axonal polarity is predetermined by tau localization (in the neuronal cell) in the domain of the cell body defined by the centrosome. The short isoforms allow plasticity of the cytoskeleton whereas the longer isoforms may preferentially play a role in its stabilization. Tissue specificity: Expressed in neurons. Isoform PNS-tau is expressed in the peripheral nervous system while the others are expressed in the central nervous system. Involvement in disease: Polymerization of tau into insoluble aggregates within the CNS is a pathological hallmark of a clinically heterogeneous set of neurodegenerative diseases termed tauopathies, including Alzheimer disease (AD), corticobasal degenerations (CBD), progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), and Pick’s disease (PiD). Tau isoforms are differentially incorporated into insoluble fibrillary structures in distinct tauopathies: for instance, in PSP and CBD 4R (microtubule binding repeat) isoforms are mostly incorporated in inclusion bodies, while in PiD 3R tau isoforms are predominant. Neuronal tau inclusions observed in AD consist primarily of both 3R and 4R isoforms, aggregated into hyperphosphorylated straight filaments (SF) and paired helical filaments (PHF). The resulting neurofibrillary tangles cause the loss of tau function of promoting assembly and stabilizing microtubules, and also the gain of a toxic function whereby the pathological tau sequesters normal tau, MAP1A/MAP1B and MAP2, and causes inhibition and disruption of microtubules. Sequence similarities: Four-repeat (type II) tau is expressed in an adult-specific manner and is not found in fetal brain, whereas three-repeat (type I) tau is found in both adult and fetal brain. Domain: The tau/MAP repeat binds to tubulin. Type I isoforms contain 3 repeats while type II isoforms contain 4 repeats.