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AB109876

Complex IV人Enzyme Activity Dipstick Assay试剂盒

Complex IV Human Enzyme Activity Dipstick Assay Kit

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(17 Publications)

Complex IV Human Enzyme Activity Dipstick Assay Kit immunoassay kit for the detection of Complex IV Human Enzyme Activity Dipstick Assay Kit in Cow, Human in Cell/Tissue Extracts samples.

查看别名

COX4, COX4I1, Cytochrome c oxidase polypeptide IV, Cytochrome c oxidase subunit IV isoform 1, COX IV-1

3 Images
Functional Studies - Complex IV Human Enzyme Activity Dipstick Assay Kit (AB109876)
  • FuncS

Supplier Data

Functional Studies - Complex IV Human Enzyme Activity Dipstick Assay Kit (AB109876)

An example using ab109876 to measure Complex IV activity in fibroblast protein extracts. Developed dipsticks from a 1 : 2 dilution series using a positive control sample and the associated standard curve. Starting material was 100 μg of fibroblast protein extract.

Functional Studies - Complex IV Human Enzyme Activity Dipstick Assay Kit (AB109876)
  • FuncS

Supplier Data

Functional Studies - Complex IV Human Enzyme Activity Dipstick Assay Kit (AB109876)

An example using ab109876 to measure Complex IV activity in fibroblast protein extracts. Based on the standard curve, 50 μg of protein extract were loaded onto a dipstick for each sample. The figure shows four developed dipsticks, a control sample (1) and four unknowns (2-6). The analysis of the signal intensity and interpolation from the standard curve showed that the unknown samples have between 15-61% of normal Complex IV activity levels.

Functional Studies - Complex IV Human Enzyme Activity Dipstick Assay Kit (AB109876)
  • FuncS

Supplier Data

Functional Studies - Complex IV Human Enzyme Activity Dipstick Assay Kit (AB109876)

Abcam's enzyme activity assays apply a novel approach, whereby target enzymes are first immunocaptured from tissue or cell samples before subsequent functional analysis. Dipstick ELISA Kits extend this concept by utilizing the well-established lateral flow concept, wherein capture antibodies are striped onto nitrocellulose membrane and a wicking pad draws the sample through the antibody bands. All of our ELISA kits utilize highly validated monoclonal antibodies and proprietary buffers, which are able to capture even very large enzyme complexes in their fully-intact, functionally-active states.

关键信息

样品类型

Cell culture extracts, Tissue

反应种属

Cow, Human

检测类型

Sandwich (quantitative)

检测平台

Reagents

反应性数据

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产品详情

Contains 30 or 90 dipsticks and necessary components to quantify the activity of the cytochrome c oxidase enzyme complex from human and bovine samples. The kit includes sufficient materials to generate a standard curve and evaluate several unknown samples.

The isolation of mitochondria is not necessary for the performance of this assay. In this kit the specificity of anti-COX monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) is combined with traditional methods for determining COX enzyme activity by histochemical methods and in-gel activity assays. First, the COX enzyme complex is immnocaptured (i.e immunoprecipated in active form) on the dipstick. Second, the dipstick is immersed in COX activity buffer containing reduced cytochrome c and di-amino benzidinetetrachloride (DAB), which serves as the reporter of COX activity. Immunocaptured COX oxidizes cytochrome c, which then oxidizes DAB to form a red-colored precipitate at the COX antibody line on the dipstick. In addition to being quick, the reaction is cyanide-sensitive. The signal intensity of this precipitate corresponds to the level of COX activity in the sample. The signal intensity is best measured by a dipstick reader or may be analyzed by another imaging system.

Store dipsticks at room temperature in their provided container and out of direct sunlight. High humidity conditions should be avoided.

Store Buffer A, B, and C at 4°C or at -20°C for long term storage.

Store Tubes 1 and 2 at -80°C; they can also be aliquoted upon receipt to prevent freeze/thaw cycles.

Tube 3 can be stored at room temperature.

Range of complex IV / cytochrome c oxidase assay kits

Biochemical assay - ab239711

Immunocapture with biochemical assay (plate-based) - ab109911 (rodent) and ab109909 (human)

Immunocapture with biochemical assay (dipstick) - ab109878 (rodent) and ab109876 (human) (this kit)

Immunocapture with biochemical assay and ELISA - ab109910 (human)

ELISA - ab179880 (human)

规格

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性能和储存信息

运输条件
Dry Ice
推荐的短期储存条件
Multi
推荐的长期储存条件
Multi
储存信息
Please refer to protocols

补充信息

This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.

Complex IV also known as cytochrome c oxidase is an important component of the electron transport chain in mitochondria. This enzyme complex has significant mass approximately 204 kDa and operates primarily in the inner mitochondrial membrane. It catalyzes the transfer of electrons from cytochrome c to oxygen facilitating ATP generation. Complex IV is ubiquitously expressed in all tissues with higher expression in organs with high energy demands like heart and skeletal muscle. This enzyme is composed of multiple subunits encoded by both mitochondrial and nuclear DNA.
Biological function summary

Cytochrome c oxidase plays a critical role in cellular respiration. It forms part of the larger enzyme complex which also includes Complex I II and III. These complexes work together to create a proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane essential for ATP synthesis via oxidative phosphorylation. This enzyme's activity is measured through assays like the cytochrome c oxidase assay which evaluates its function in various tissues. These assays help researchers understand how effectively electrons are being transferred and protons are driven across the membrane.

Pathways

Complex IV is integral to the oxidative phosphorylation pathway and the broader mitochondrial respiratory chain. It interacts closely with cytochrome c a small heme protein that shuttles electrons between Complex III (cytochrome c reductase) and Complex IV. Through these interactions the proton gradient is established enabling ATP synthase to convert chemical energy into usable cell energy. This process significantly impacts cellular metabolism and energy production influencing how efficiently cells function.

Complex IV dysfunction is associated with mitochondrial diseases and certain neurodegenerative disorders. For instance defects in cytochrome c oxidase lead to conditions like Leigh syndrome a severe neurological disorder. Also studies show that disruptions in the electron transport chain involving Complex IV relate closely to Alzheimer’s disease. Alterations in proteins like cytochrome c which work in tandem with Complex IV can exacerbate these conditions highlighting the importance of this target in understanding and potentially treating these diseases.

产品实验方案

靶点信息

Component of the cytochrome c oxidase, the last enzyme in the mitochondrial electron transport chain which drives oxidative phosphorylation. The respiratory chain contains 3 multisubunit complexes succinate dehydrogenase (complex II, CII), ubiquinol-cytochrome c oxidoreductase (cytochrome b-c1 complex, complex III, CIII) and cytochrome c oxidase (complex IV, CIV), that cooperate to transfer electrons derived from NADH and succinate to molecular oxygen, creating an electrochemical gradient over the inner membrane that drives transmembrane transport and the ATP synthase. Cytochrome c oxidase is the component of the respiratory chain that catalyzes the reduction of oxygen to water. Electrons originating from reduced cytochrome c in the intermembrane space (IMS) are transferred via the dinuclear copper A center (CU(A)) of subunit 2 and heme A of subunit 1 to the active site in subunit 1, a binuclear center (BNC) formed by heme A3 and copper B (CU(B)). The BNC reduces molecular oxygen to 2 water molecules using 4 electrons from cytochrome c in the IMS and 4 protons from the mitochondrial matrix.
See full target information COX4I1

文献 (17)

Recent publications for all applications. Explore the full list and refine your search

Human mutation 43:1970-1978 PubMed36030551

2022

Biallelic pathogenic variants in COX11 are associated with an infantile-onset mitochondrial encephalopathy.

Applications

Unspecified application

Species

Unspecified reactive species

Rocio Rius,Neal K Bennett,Kaustuv Bhattacharya,Lisa G Riley,Zafer Yüksel,Luke E Formosa,Alison G Compton,Russell C Dale,Mark J Cowley,Velimir Gayevskiy,Saeed M Al Tala,Abdulrahman A Almehery,Michael T Ryan,David R Thorburn,Ken Nakamura,John Christodoulou

Orphanet journal of rare diseases 17:204 PubMed35581596

2022

UPR activation improves pathological alterations in cellular models of mitochondrial diseases.

Applications

Unspecified application

Species

Unspecified reactive species

Juan M Suárez-Rivero,Carmen J Pastor-Maldonado,Suleva Povea-Cabello,Mónica Álvarez-Córdoba,Irene Villalón-García,Marta Talaverón-Rey,Alejandra Suárez-Carrillo,Manuel Munuera-Cabeza,Diana Reche-López,Paula Cilleros-Holgado,Rocío Piñero-Perez,José A Sánchez-Alcázar

Frontiers in pharmacology 13:862085 PubMed35370630

2022

Pterostilbene in Combination With Mitochondrial Cofactors Improve Mitochondrial Function in Cellular Models of Mitochondrial Diseases.

Applications

Unspecified application

Species

Unspecified reactive species

Juan M Suárez-Rivero,Carmen J Pastor-Maldonado,Ana Romero-González,David Gómez-Fernandez,Suleva Povea-Cabello,Mónica Álvarez-Córdoba,Irene Villalón-García,Marta Talaverón-Rey,Alejandra Suárez-Carrillo,Manuel Munuera-Cabeza,José A Sánchez-Alcázar

Clinical genetics 102:56-60 PubMed35246835

2022

A novel homozygous variant in COX5A causes an attenuated phenotype with failure to thrive, lactic acidosis, hypoglycemia, and short stature.

Applications

Unspecified application

Species

Unspecified reactive species

Alessandra Torraco,Silvia Morlino,Teresa Rizza,Michela Di Nottia,Giorgia Bottaro,Luigi Bisceglia,Arianna Montanari,Marco Cappa,Marco Castori,Enrico Bertini,Rosalba Carrozzo

Scientific reports 10:17012 PubMed33046789

2020

Simvastatin improves mitochondrial respiration in peripheral blood cells.

Applications

Unspecified application

Species

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Jon Ambæk Durhuus,Svenja Hansson,Thomas Morville,Anja Birk Kuhlman,Tine Lovsø Dohlmann,Steen Larsen,Jørn Wulff Helge,Maria Angleys,Alba Muniesa-Vargas,Jens R Bundgaard,Ian David Hickson,Flemming Dela,Claus Desler,Lene Juel Rasmussen

Life science alliance 2: PubMed30858161

2019

is a mitochondrial disease gene causing skeletal dysplasia, cataracts, and white matter changes.

Applications

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Species

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Tian Zhao,Caitlin M Goedhart,Pingdewinde N Sam,Rasha Sabouny,Susanne Lingrell,Adam J Cornish,Ryan E Lamont,Francois P Bernier,David Sinasac,Jillian S Parboosingh,Jean E Vance,Steven M Claypool,A Micheil Innes,Timothy E Shutt

Human molecular genetics 28:290-306 PubMed30304514

2018

Bi-allelic mutations of LONP1 encoding the mitochondrial LonP1 protease cause pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency and profound neurodegeneration with progressive cerebellar atrophy.

Applications

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Species

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Graeme A M Nimmo,Sundararajan Venkatesh,Ashutosh K Pandey,Christian R Marshall,Lili-Naz Hazrati,Susan Blaser,Sohnee Ahmed,Jessie Cameron,Kamalendra Singh,Peter N Ray,Carolyn K Suzuki,Grace Yoon

Autophagy 15:113-130 PubMed30160596

2018

Mitochondrial dysfunction and mitophagy defect triggered by heterozygous GBA mutations.

Applications

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Species

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Hongyu Li,Ahrom Ham,Thong Chi Ma,Sheng-Han Kuo,Ellen Kanter,Donghoon Kim,Han Seok Ko,Yi Quan,Sergio Pablo Sardi,Aiqun Li,Ottavio Arancio,Un Jung Kang,David Sulzer,Guomei Tang

Human genetics 136:885-896 PubMed28526948

2017

An innovative strategy to clone positive modifier genes of defects caused by mtDNA mutations: MRPS18C as suppressor gene of m.3946G>A mutation in MT-ND1 gene.

Applications

Unspecified application

Species

Unspecified reactive species

María Elena Rodríguez-García,Francisco Javier Cotrina-Vinagre,Patricia Carnicero-Rodríguez,Francisco Martínez-Azorín

Neurobiology of disease 54:349-61 PubMed23333625

2013

Mitochondrial abnormalities in temporal lobe of autistic brain.

Applications

Unspecified application

Species

Unspecified reactive species

Guomei Tang,Puri Gutierrez Rios,Sheng-Han Kuo,Hasan Orhan Akman,Gorazd Rosoklija,Kurenai Tanji,Andrew Dwork,Eric A Schon,Salvatore Dimauro,James Goldman,David Sulzer
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