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AB139484

Autophagy Assay试剂盒

Autophagy Assay Kit

4

(2 Reviews)

|

(79 Publications)

Autophagy Assay Kit ab139484 measures autophagic vacuoles and monitors autophagic flux in live cells using a dye that selectively labels autophagic vacuoles.

- Single 30-min staining incubation with dye
- Readout with FITC channels/ filters on flow cytometer, fluorescent microscope, or fluorometric plate reader
3 Images
Functional Studies - Autophagy Assay Kit (AB139484)
  • FuncS

Lab

Functional Studies - Autophagy Assay Kit (AB139484)

Fluorescent microscopy analysis showing nucleus (blue nuclear stain; DAPI filter) and autophagic vesicules (green, FITC filter) in control HepG2 cells or cells starved in serum free medium for 5 hours to induce the formation of autophagic vesicles. HepG2 cells were also treated with 0.1 mM chloroquine for 24 hours or starved and chloroquine treated for 5 hours (in earlier stages of autophagy, chloroquine induces autophagosome formation).

Functional Studies - Autophagy Assay Kit (AB139484)
  • FuncS

Lab

Functional Studies - Autophagy Assay Kit (AB139484)

Fluorescent microscopy analysis showing nucleus (blue nuclear stain; DAPI filter) and autophagic vesicules (green, FITC filter) in control HepG2 cells or cells treated with 1 uM Rapamycin (ab120224) for 24 hours.

Flow Cytometry - Autophagy Assay Kit (AB139484)
  • Flow Cyt

Supplier Data

Flow Cytometry - Autophagy Assay Kit (AB139484)

Jurkat cells (acute T-Cell leukemia), uninduced or treated overnight with 0.5 µM Rapamycin (a typical autophagy inducer) were loaded with Green Detection Reagent, then washed and analyzed by flow cytometry. Results are presented as histogram overlay. Control cells (blue solid line) were stained as well but mostly display low fluorescence. In the samples treated with 500 nM Rapamycin for 18 hours (black solid line), Green dye signal increases about 2-fold, indicating that Rapamycin induced autophagy in Jurkat cells.

关键信息

检测方法

Fluorescent

样品类型

Suspension cells, Adherent cells

检测类型

Cell-based

检测时间

30m

检测平台

Microplate reader, Fluor. microscope, Flow cyt.

产品详情

Autophagy Assay Kit ab139484 offers a rapid and quantitative approach to monitoring autophagy in live cells without the need for cell transfection.It can be analyzed using flow cytometry, fluorescent microscopy, or using a microplate reader. The dye has spectral characteristics similar to FITC, and can be read with FITC channels / filters.

How the assay works
The Green Detection Reagent dye used in the Autophagy assay kit protocol has been optimized by screening dyes for both minimal staining of lysosomes, and bright fluorescence upon incorporation into pre-autophagosomes, autophagosomes, and autolysosomes (autophagolysosomes).

Autophagy inducer rapamycin is included in the kit as a positive control. Please note that the optimal final concentration is cell-dependent and should be determined experimentally for each cell line being tested. The agent has been validated in HeLa, HepG2 and Jurkat cells.

Chloroquine is included in the kit to use as an inhibitor control. Chloroquine may be used in combination with rapamycin or starvation in monitoring autophagic flux. Depending on the applications and specific cell lines, a 10-120 μM final concentration is recommended in order to observe changes in autophagic flux.

Autophagy assay protocol summary
- remove growth medium from cells
- add staining mix and incubate for 30 min
- wash cells
- analyze with fluorescence microscopy, flow cytometry, or fluorescent microplate reader

The reagents provided in this kit are sufficient for 200 flow cytometry tests, 250 fluorescence microscopy test or 3 x 96-well microplate tests.

How other researchers are using ab139484
Autophagy Assay Kit has been used in a variety of sample types including:
- Human normal hepatocytes and Human HCC cell lines 1
- Retinal endothelial cells, isolated from nondiabetic human retina 2
- 3T3-L1-adipocytes 3
References: 1 - Rajan P et al. 2023; 2 - Kowluru R et al. 2023; 3 - Park J at al. 2024.

规格

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性能和储存信息

运输条件
Dry Ice
推荐的短期储存条件
-80°C
推荐的长期储存条件
-80°C
储存信息
-80°C

补充信息

This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.

Autophagy also known as "self-eating" is a cellular degradation and recycling process critical for maintaining cellular homeostasis. Mechanically autophagy involves the formation of double-membrane vesicles called autophagosomes which engulf damaged organelles and proteins. The autophagosomes then fuse with lysosomes leading to the degradation of the contents by lysosomal enzymes. Autophagy is expressed highly in cells under stress such as nutrient deprivation and is a conserved process across eukaryotic cells. Its machinery involves more than 30 autophagy-related genes (ATGs) but does not focus on a single mass or protein as it is a complex pathway.
Biological function summary

Autophagy protects cells by degrading and recycling components therefore preventing accumulation of damaged proteins and organelles. It forms part of the cellular defense mechanisms against stress and aging contributing to cellular longevity. In starvation conditions autophagy provides an internal source of nutrients helping cell survival. The process is part of a larger complex involving ATG proteins which drive the sequential steps of autophagosome formation. Monodansylcadaverine an autofluorescent compound often marks autophagic vacuoles in experimental settings providing a tool for autophagy detection and study.

Pathways

Autophagy is deeply integrated into cellular signaling networks. It plays a significant role in the mTOR (mechanistic target of rapamycin) signaling pathway which senses nutrient availability and regulates cell growth. Autophagy also intersects with the AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase) pathway which responds to energy stress promoting catabolism when cellular ATP levels drop. These intersections with mTOR and AMPK pathways illustrate autophagy's essential role in balancing anabolic and catabolic processes and its regulatory association with proteins involved in cellular stress responses like p62/SQSTM1.

Autophagy is relevant to conditions like cancer and neurodegeneration. In cancer autophagy can have dual roles both supporting tumor cell survival under metabolic stress and limiting unregulated cell division. The Bcl-2 protein family which regulates apoptosis also modulates autophagy highlighting a complex interaction between cell death and survival. In neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's impaired autophagy leads to the accumulation of protein aggregates contributing to neuronal damage. Here proteins linked to autophagic dysfunction include beta-amyloid and tau both of which are involved in Alzheimer's disease pathology.

产品实验方案

靶点信息

文献 (79)

Recent publications for all applications. Explore the full list and refine your search

Scientific reports 14:4112 PubMed38374190

2024

Arginase-induced cell death pathways and metabolic changes in cancer cells are not altered by insulin.

Applications

Unspecified application

Species

Unspecified reactive species

Hui Yi Chew,Goran Cvetkovic,Slobodan Tepic,James W Wells

Communications biology 7:60 PubMed38191671

2024

Rescue of ApoE4-related lysosomal autophagic failure in Alzheimer's disease by targeted small molecules.

Applications

Unspecified application

Species

Unspecified reactive species

Meenakshisundaram Balasubramaniam,Jagadeesh Narasimhappagari,Ling Liu,Akshatha Ganne,Srinivas Ayyadevara,Ramani Atluri,Haarika Ayyadevara,Guy Caldwell,Robert J Shmookler Reis,Steven W Barger,W Sue T Griffin

Cells 12: PubMed37830582

2023

Normalization of the ATP1A1 Signalosome Rescinds Epigenetic Modifications and Induces Cell Autophagy in Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Applications

Unspecified application

Species

Unspecified reactive species

Pradeep Kumar Rajan,Utibe-Abasi S Udoh,Yuto Nakafuku,Sandrine V Pierre,Juan Sanabria

Diabetes & metabolism journal 48:215-230 PubMed37750184

2023

Extracellular Vimentin Alters Energy Metabolism And Induces Adipocyte Hypertrophy.

Applications

Unspecified application

Species

Unspecified reactive species

Ji-Hae Park,Soyeon Kwon,Young Mi Park

Molecular neurobiology 61:188-199 PubMed37596436

2023

Impaired Removal of the Damaged Mitochondria in the Metabolic Memory Phenomenon Associated with Continued Progression of Diabetic Retinopathy.

Applications

Unspecified application

Species

Unspecified reactive species

Renu A Kowluru,Ghulam Mohammad,Jay Kumar

Cancers 15: PubMed37627164

2023

In Silico, In Vitro, and In Vivo Investigations on Adapalene as Repurposed Third Generation Retinoid against Multiple Myeloma and Leukemia.

Applications

Unspecified application

Species

Unspecified reactive species

Joelle C Boulos,Manik Chatterjee,Letian Shan,Thomas Efferth

Cells 12: PubMed37508519

2023

Targeting Prohibitins to Inhibit Melanoma Growth and Overcome Resistance to Targeted Therapies.

Applications

Unspecified application

Species

Unspecified reactive species

Ahmad Najem,Mohammad Krayem,Serena Sabbah,Matilde Pesetti,Fabrice Journe,Ahmad Awada,Laurent Désaubry,Ghanem E Ghanem

Frontiers in endocrinology 14:1160155 PubMed37415667

2023

Impaired mitochondrial dynamics and removal of the damaged mitochondria in diabetic retinopathy.

Applications

Unspecified application

Species

Unspecified reactive species

Kumari Alka,Jay Kumar,Renu A Kowluru

Nature communications 14:3801 PubMed37365192

2023

Elevated levels of FMRP-target MAP1B impair human and mouse neuronal development and mouse social behaviors via autophagy pathway.

Applications

Unspecified application

Species

Unspecified reactive species

Yu Guo,Minjie Shen,Qiping Dong,Natasha M Méndez-Albelo,Sabrina X Huang,Carissa L Sirois,Jonathan Le,Meng Li,Ezra D Jarzembowski,Keegan A Schoeller,Michael E Stockton,Vanessa L Horner,André M M Sousa,Yu Gao,Jon E Levine,Daifeng Wang,Qiang Chang,Xinyu Zhao

Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) 19:e2302284 PubMed37322535

2023

A Reactive Oxygen Species-Responsive Targeted Nanoscavenger to Promote Mitophagy for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease.

Applications

Unspecified application

Species

Unspecified reactive species

Zhimin Yang,Haoyuan Shi,Guoen Cai,Sujun Jiang,Zhiyuan Hu,Zihua Wang
View all publications
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